The imagination of little boys 2.

A person in a garment holding a telescope

AI-generated content may be incorrect.Billy Bones, retired pirate captain.  Not in very comfortable circumstances by the look of it: rum scars on his nose; raggedly sewn-up scar on his right cheek (probably didn’t do that shaving); right sleeve of his coat is burst at the shoulder and out at the elbow; wrapped up in an old boat-cloak.  He awaits the retribution for his acts and it isn’t coming from the Crown Prosecution Service either.  He’s standing on a cliff where he can watch the sea, he’s got his brass spy-glass, and the scabbard of his cutlass is visible.  Still, there’s much determination and no fear in that face. 

Lesson: A century before, a Royalist historian described Oliver Cromwell as “that brave, bad man.”  One thing that makes History so much fun to read and so awful to live through is that there’s a bunch of these people in any given population.  “Fight! Fight! Fight!” as someone said.   

All sizes | Captain Bill Bones by N. C. Wyeth. “Treasure Island” by Robert Louis Stevenson. NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1911. | Flickr – Photo Sharing!    

Billy Bones has been “tipped the black spot” in the tavern of the “Admiral Benbow Inn,” home to young Jim Hawkins and his widowed mother.  The guy running away had tracked down Billy Bones and given him a piece of paper with a spot of black ink on it.  In the many days ago, it meant a death sentence.  Billy replied in more immediate terms.   Giclee Print: Captain Bones Routs Black Dog: One Last Tremulous Cut Would Have Split Him Had it Not Been Intercep by Newell Convers Wyeth : 12x9in 

Lesson:

“Old Blind Pew.”  Retribution in human form.  Got whacked on the head by a falling yard arm in a fight at sea or caught a load of gravel in the face pushed up by ricocheting round-shot in a fight ashore.  (The latter is what took off young Horatio Nelson’s arm.)  Now with a black silk scarf around his head to cover his ruined eyes; tap, tap, tapping along the road.  He’s been abandoned by his fellow evil doers before the posse can arrive.  3:10 to Yuma (2007) – I hate posses 

            After the quarrel in the tavern, Billy had a stroke and died.  Awkwardly, he had not paid his bill.[1]  Anyway, Jim’s mother is determined to collect what is owed her, in spite of the danger that the pirates will return to kill Billy Bones.  So, they open his sea chest.  There’s money, but most of it isn’t British and Mrs. Hawkins, worthy soul though she is, isn’t a foreign exchange trader.  Eventually—it’s getting dark and Jim is offering wise counsel—she settles for grabbing an oil-skin-wrapped packet.  They bolt out one door while the pirates approach another door. 

Lesson: “There’s no honor among thieves.” 

In the background stands “The Admiral Benbow Inn.”

All sizes | Old Pew by N. C. Wyeth. “Treasure Island” by Robert Louis Stevenson. NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1911. | Flickr – Photo Sharing! 

            The oil-skin packet turns out to contain a treasure map.  A bunch of the respectable local notables are consulted; they see a chance to become “rich as Nazis”—as Mr. Burns once put it; and they throw in together.  They hire ship and a captain, get a crew; take Jim along because it’s his map; and set sail for wealth and adventure.[2] 

Jim Hawkins leaves home.  He’s dressed in plain brown clothes; he has his few possessions tied up in a red and white polka dot bandana that is tied to a stick.  His mother has already lost her husband and now her son is departing.  She lifts her apron to her face.  Young Jim looks neither excited nor regretful.  I see determination.  He’s already turned his back on the inn and on his mother and on his past.  He’s now looking toward the road that will take him away.[3] 

            Then, there was a long-held belief that the inner person was expressed in the outer form.  The great Soviet movie director Serge Eisenstein believed this.  It guided all his casting decisions.  (Look at the officers on the “Battleship Potemkin.”  Battleship Potemkin (1925) – Meat Scene – High Quality – With English Subtitle ) Compare Jim’s face with that of Billy Bones or Pew.  The faces of the pirates are less-than-human/animalistic; full of strength, anger, and ruthlessness. 

Jim Hawkins Leaves Home by N. C. Wyeth. “Treasure Island” … | Flickr 

In the galley of the ship.  The hired captain had hired a crew.  One was the sea-cook, called “Long John Silver.”  “Long” means he was tall.  He’s got only one leg.  “Oh, poor man!  In such a heartless time in History!”  Well, not exactly.  “Right man-o-wars-men” (hands in the Royal Navy) who lost a leg in battle couldn’t go climbing up the rigging anymore.  So, they often got trained as cooks.  All Silver’s one-leg means is that he got badly wounded in a sea-fight.

There was an old saying that experienced sailors (“Old Salts”) joined a new ship carrying “bag, box, and bird-cage.”  Generally exotic birds they had picked up on some voyage to a distant, foreign land.[4] 

Sailors also had many of really interesting stories to tell.  Some of which may have been true.  (Read a few pages of Camoens, “O Lusiads” some time.)  Jim found Silver to be fascinating and likeable.  Spent a lot of time in the galley. 

Long John Silver and Hawkins by N. C. Wyeth. “Treasure Isl… | Flickr 

Lesson: Your “own kind” aren’t the only people worth knowing. 

Young Francis Drake listening to an old sailor’s stories down in the West Country. 

Sir Francis Drake – Uncyclopedia 

Most misfortunately, Silver is one of the pirates who had been hunting Billy Bones.  Bones, in turn, had been their one-time captain.  So are most other members of the crew.  Their plan is discovered accidentally by Jim.  They’re going to seize the ship, get the map, and go for the treasure out of which Billy Bones had cheated them.  Jim narks on the plot, and the bougie treasure-hunters prepare to defend themselves from the prole treasure-hunters.

Lesson: Well, maybe sticking with your own kind is best after all. 

All sizes | Preparing for the Mutiny by N. C. Wyeth. “Treasure Island” by Robert Louis Stevenson. NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1911. | Flickr – Photo Sharing! 

Anyway, the story proceeds from there.  If you know it, I don’t need to say more.  If you don’t know it, then I don’t want to spoil the rest of it for you. 

By way of Envoi: John Oxenham in a Devon tavern. 


[1] That’s why hotels always get your credit card number as part of the reservation process.  What if you’re sitting in the breakfast room in a hotel in Salt Lake City working through as big a plate of waffles, scrambled eggs, link sausages, tiny blueberry muffins—all of it covered in hot sauce, and several cups of coffee.  Then some villainous-looking guy barges in wearing a MAGA hat and a “SL  UT” tee-shirt?  Starts heaping abuse on you about something, so you trying shoving his head into the waffle iron, then he runs away.  So you go back to your room, but all the stuff you ate at breakfast is clogging the arteries, and you die right there.  Big problem for the hotel, especially since the maids aren’t going to come around to put out clean, threadbare towels and slivers of soap until after you check out in a couple of days.  What to do? 

[2] This was before the government would stick in its oar and claim a share.  You think I’m kidding?  Look at the history of state lotteries.  Horning in on the old numbers racket, then paying winners about two-thirds of what bookies used to pay. 

[3] “’Til Bill Doolin met Bill Dalton//He was workin’ cheap, just bidin’ time//Then he laughed and said,”I’m goin,”//
And so he left that peaceful life behind.”—Glenn Frey, Jackson Brown, Don Henley, J.D. Souther.  What a team. 

[4] Which is better than trying to keep a pet alligator on a ship.  What if they get loose and make it to the bilge?  Live off of rats for a while, get bigger, and start smelling the salt-horse in the food casks?  Makes it risky for crewmen trying to heave up the rations out of the hold.  Or bet on rat-fights in the cable tier, contrary to good order and discipline. 

Tales of the South Atlantic 1.

While a great deal of attention has focused on the “Mayflower Compact” as a foundational text in American government, historians have paid much less attention to the many pirate compacts.[1] In the first half of the 18th Century, there were an estimated 2,500 pirates at work in the Atlantic and Caribbean at any given time. Most were single men in their twenties who had “run” from a conventional merchant ship or the Royal Navy.[2] At the beginning of any voyage, the pirates drew up agreed terms of service. These defined who had what authority, how the profits of a voyage would be divided, and how discipline would be enforced. As piracy became more dangerous and less profitable as the 18th Century wore on, it seems likely that many men drifted back into the conventional merchant marine. The seaports of British North America—Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston—were filled with sailors who resented hierarchy and hated the “press gangs” of the Royal Navy. Did the experience of some of these men with drafting agreements for an egalitarian management of a “wooden world”[3] filter into the rhetoric of shore-bound pamphleteers and tavern table-pounders?

People trying to escape oppression are easy to understand. It’s a little more difficult to comprehend those who find themselves hunted by liberty. Nevertheless, such people do exist. His beliefs made Zephaniah Kingsley, Sr. an outcast in his adopted land, America.[4] A merchant who had migrated from England to Charleston, South Carolina, Kingsley was both a Quaker and a Tory. When the American Revolution ended in British defeat, Kingsley and his family rebuilt their lives in Canada. Eventually, his son, Zephaniah Kingsley, Jr. (1765-1843) took command of the family merchant ship trading to the Caribbean. In 1802 the experienced merchant captain embarked on the slave trade. This turned out to be a very dodgy decision. In addition to the perils of disease to be encountered on the African coast, Europe was at war. French or Spanish navy ships or privateers savaged the British merchant navy. Slaves were a precious cargo, for they might be sold as readily in Haiti or Cuba as in Jamaica. Once the Napoleonic Wars had ended, British reformers began to press for an end to the slave trade. Kingsley took refuge in Spanish Florida, where both slavery and the slave trade remained legal.

Along the way, Kingsley bought an attractive Senegalese slave named Anna Jai, freed her, and made her his common-law wife. Kingsley recognized her intelligence and ability, so she became his business partner as well as life partner. They added plantations to their other trade and prospered.

However, in 1821 Spain transferred Florida to the United States. As a Tory refugee turned Spanish Catholic, Kingsley didn’t like his prospects. American laws would not recognize his children’s rights of inheritance. Moreover, Kingsley, while a slave trader and slave owner, was not a racist. He criticized segregation laws for imposing “degradation on account of complexion.” In the 1830s he founded a colony in Haiti, the only free black country in the Americas and a source of terror to American slave-owners. He sent manumitted slaves to start the colony and employed indentured free workers.

Like many another thing in Haitian history, Kingsley’s colony came to a bad end. He died before it had taken root. His son died at sea. The Civil War ended slavery.

[1] Marcus Rediker, Outlaws of the Atlantic: Slaves, Pirates, and Motley Crews in the Age of Sail (2014).

[2] See B.R. Burg, Sodomy and the Perception of Evil in the 17th Century Caribbean (1983).

[3] I stole the phrase from N.A.M. Rodger, The Wooden World: An Anatomy of the Georgian Navy (1986).

[4] Daniel L. Schafer, Zephaniah Kingsley Jr. and the Atlantic World: Slave Trader, Plantation Owner, Emancipator (2014).